TECHNICAL
DATA REQUIRED FOR CALCULATION
REFRIGERATION LOAD
1.SPECIFIC HEAT MILK
CREAM (40%fat)
- 0.775 to
0.85
BUTTER (Before freezing) - 0.64
BUTTER (After freezing) - 0.34
BUTTER FAT
(butter oil) - 0.556
GHEE
- 0.56
Skim
Milk Powder - 0.41
W
hole Milk Powder - 0.50
Evaporeted Milk - 0.92
CHEESE - 0.65
Shri
kand ( 40% moisture - 0.60 (Calculated)
42% sugar
5 % fat
13% SNF )
ICE
CREAM (12% FAT) - 0.80
ICE
- 0.50
FISH
(Above freezing )
- 0.82
(Below freezing)
- 0.41
LIVER(Above freezing )
- 0.72
(Below
freezing) - 0.42
DRIED
FISH
(Above freezing )
- 0.56
(Below freezing)
- 0.34
ALUMINIUM ALLOY-cans - 0.21
GLASS (bottles) - 0.18
STEEL(
Crates)
- 0.119
HDPE CRATES - 0.55
POLYTHYLENE(Pouches)
- 0.55
WOOD
- 0.43
PACKING MATERIAL - 0.475
AIR
- 0.24
PROPYLENE GLYCOL - 0.593
ETHYLENE GLYCOL - 0.561
2. HEAT TRANSFER
COEFFICIENTS
INDIVIDUAL HEAT
TRANSFER COEFFICIENT FOR WALL
/FLOOR - 2.10 Kcal/Hr.M.sq.Deg.C
INDIVIDUAL HEAT
TRANSFER COEFFICIENT FOR CEILING - 3.91 Kcal/Hr. M.sq.Deg.C
(The above details are taken from CBRI Roorkee data
book on soler heat load )
2 HTC..........
OVERALL HEAT
TRANSFER COEFFICIENT.
1
U=
-------------------------------------------------------
1 X 1*
-------------------- +------------------ +
-------
h
wall/ceiling
K h
insulation.
U =
OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER
COEFFICIENT
h =
Indivisual Heat Transfer
Coefficient
X =
Thikness of insulation
K =
Thermal conductivity of
insulation material used
* =
h insulation is
usually taken as
negligible.
Hence the
final formula for
calculating overall heat
transfer coefficient will
be -----
1
U=
-------------------------------------------
1 X
-------------------- +------------------
h
wall/ceiling
K
(K) Thermal conductivity
of insulation (expended polystyrene)
is 0.027 Kcal/hr. mtr. sq. at 10
deg.C
3. TEMPRATURES TO BE
MAINTAINED AT VARIOUS
COLD STORES /
DEEP FREEZE / FROZEN
STORE,
1. MILK COLD
STORE
AT + 4
Deg. C
2. BUTTER/COLD STORE (for short storage) AT +
4 Deg. C
3. BUTTER
DEP FREEZE (for long
storage)
AT - 20
Deg. C
4. BUTTER
OIL COLD STORE
AT + 4
or +10 Deg. C (as required)
5 .
ICE CREAM STORAGE
AT - 20 TO -23
Deg. C
6. ICE
CREAM HARDENING
AT -28 TO -35
Deg. C
(depending upon the
composition)
7. CHEESE
CURING/DRYING(cheddar cheese) AT +7 to 10Deg. C
8. CHEESE
STORAGE(processing /ageing) around +4 Deg.C
9. ICE
COLD STORAGE
AT -5 to +2Deg. C
10. FRESH
FISH/ICED FISH STORE AT - 5 to +5 Deg. C
11. FROZEN FISH
STORE
AT -25 Deg. C
12. FAST FREEZING Temperature of sea foods AT -30 Deg. C
(for tunnel/plate /blast/freezer)
13.LABORATORY/ PACKING ROOM AT +21 to
+25 Deg. C
4. OUTSIDE TEMPERATURES CONSIDERED
FOR DESIGN CELLING - 40 Deg.C
FLOOR - 35 Deg. C
WALLS(exposed) - 40 Deg. C
WALLS (indirectiy exposed) 35Deg. C
5. TEMPERATURE
OF PRODUCTS / MATERIALS COLD
STORE / DEEP
FREEZE /
EQUIPMENT FOR
COOLING OR CHILLING
1. MILK
AT + 6
Deg. C
2. BOTTLE /AL. CAN /POUCH AT + 30
Deg. C
3. CRATES
AT + 30 Deg. C
4. BUTTER
TO COLD STORE. AT + 22
Deg. C
5. BUTTER
TO DEEP FREEZE
DIRECTLY AT + 22
Deg. C
6. BUTTER
to deep freeze
through cold store AT
+ 4 Deg. C
7. BUTTER
OIL
AT + 30 Deg. C
8. FRESH
FISH / ICED FISH AT + 30
Deg. C
9. FROZEN
FISH
AT - 12 Deg. C
10.ICE CREAM
AT - 20 Deg. C
11.PACKING MATERIAL
AT +30 Deg. C
12.Milk received
through cans directly at
dairy AT +35 Deg. C
reception
dock
13..Milk received
through tankers from AT +10 Deg. C
chilling cetres.
14. PASTEURISED MILK (at 90 % regeneration) AT
+12.5 Deg. C
15. (at 80% regeneration ) AT
+16 Deg. C
16.RAW
CREAM FROM CHILLING AT +35
Deg. C
17.PASTEURISED CREAM
AT +45 Deg. C
COOLING TIME
1.For chilling
milk, pasteurised milk ,cream / pasteurised cream,. Depends upon
the capacity of the
chillers
pasteuriser.
2.For bringing
down the temerature
of milk in
the cold store, usually depends
on the bottling/
packing
capacity. Howerver, for
certain capacities following
time may be
taken..
CAPACITY
COOLING TIME REQUIRED
10,000 Lt.
5Hrs.
15,000 Lt 6Hrs.
to 8Hrs.
20,000 Lt.
8Hrs. to 10Hrs
25,000 Lt.
12Hrs. to 16Hrs
5.
DIMENSIONS OF PACKING
MATERIAL AND STORAGE
CAPACITY PER Mt. Sq.
OF AREA
OF STORE.
A. DIMENTIONS OF
PACKING MATERIAL AND
ITS WEIGHT.
CAPACITY
WEIGHT /ITEM,
1. BOTTLE
0.5 Lt.
0 .5 Kg.
2. POUCH(Polethylene) 0.5
Lt.
0.004 Kg.
1.0 Lt. 0.008
Kg.
3. ALUMINIUM CAN
40.0 Lt. 7.20 Kg.
4. HDPE
crates for pouches 10.0 Lt. 1.60 Kg.
(0.57X0.36 Mtr.)
5. HDPE
crates for botteles 10.0 Lt. 1.50 Kg.
(0.5x 0.36 Mtr.)
6. STEEL
crates for botteles 10.0 Lt. 3.00 Kg.
7. Size
of butter carton 15Kg.
Butter 1.5/2 Kg.
(380x 250x 150 mm)
8. Butter
oil tin
20Kg. 2Kg.
/tin
(250x250x380mm.)
9. Butter oil
barrel
200 Kg.
20Kg./barrel
(600mm. diax1mtr.)
10. SIZE OF CARTONS used for packing
fish
fillets
prawns, a.300x300x300mm. 25Kg. of sea food 2.5Kg.
b.585x410x180mm. 25Kg.
of sea food 2.5Kg.
B. STORAGE
CAPACITY OF PRODUCT
PER SQUARE METER
MILK : 1.
ALUMINIUM CANS -
Diameter of aluminium
can-40Lt.(base) = 0.355mtr.
Aria required per
can = 0.1266 mtr.sq.
No. of cans
/mtr. sq.
= 7.936
Allowing 25% movement space = 5.952 say 6 cans
Each can hold
40 Ltr.x6 =240 Ltr.
If cans are double
stacked (6+4)
= 400 Ltr./mtr. sq.
2. IN
POUCHES -
Each crate will
hold 10 ltr. of
milk
Crate area (prepack) 0.576x 0.3
mtr. = 0.1728 mtr. sq.
Hieght of crate
= 0.154 mtr.
No. of crates
stack
= 9 no.
Height of each
stack 9x0.154 =
1.386mtr.
No. of stack
/sq.meter 1/0.1728 = 5.787
Allowing 25% movement space. = 4.34 say 4 stacks
Each stack will
hold 9x10 = 90ltr.
of milk
Storage of MILK per square
meter 90x4 =
360 ltr.
3. IN
BOTTLES -
Each crate hold
20 half liter
bottles.
Size of crate 0.45x0.36 =
0.165 mtr.sq.
Hieght of crate
= 0.25 mtr.
No. of crate
per stack = 6
Hieght of each
stack 6x0.25 = 1.25 mtr.
No. of stack per
sq. meter 1/0.165 = 6.06
Allowing 25%
movement space
= 4.5 say
4 stacks/mtr. sq.
Each stack will
hold 120 bottels = 60 ltr.
Storage capacity per
square meter = 240ltr./sq. mtr.
BUTTER
BUTTER CARTON
SIZE -0.38X0.33X0.15 mtr.
Weight
of each carton
= 15Kg. butter
Height of
each carton
= 0.15 mtr.
No. of
carton per stack-
= 10
Base area
of each carton
0.38x 0.33
= 0.1254mtr. sq.
No. of stacks per
mtr. sq.
1/0.1254 = 7.974
Allowing 25% space
for movment.
= 5.98 say 6
Holding capacity
per meter square 6x10x15 =
900 Kg.
BUTTER OIL IN TINS
SIZE
OF BUTTER OIL TIN 0.25 X0.25 X0.38
No. of
tins per stack
= 4
Height of
each stack 4x0.38
= 1.52 mtr.
No. of
stack per sq. mtr. 1/0.0625 = 16
Allowing 25%
space for movment
= 12
Each stack
can hold 4x20
=80 Kg. Holding
capacity per sq. mtr. 80x12 = 960K g.
BUTTER OIL
IN DRUMS/BARRELS
Size of
barrel 600mm.dia x 1mtr. ht. =200Kg. of butter
oil
Base area
of drum 600x600mm. =0.36 mtr.sq.
No. of
barrel per sq.
mtr. 1/0.36 = 2.7
Allowing 25%
space for movement = 2.08
holding capacity
per sq. mtr. in single stack = 2x200-
400 Kg.per mtr. sq.
MILK POWDER -
Size of
bags. 0.9x 0.5 mtr. = 0.45
mtr. sq.
Thickness
of bag when filled
= 0.15 mtr.
No. of bag
per stack 12x
0.15 mtr. = 1.80
mtr. ht.
No. of
stack per mtr. sq. 1/0.45 = 2.22
Allowing 25% for
movement = 1.66
say 2
holding per
stack 12x25
= 300 Kg.
Holding capacity
per mtr. sq..
300x2
= 600 Kg.
SEA FOOD ( FROZEN FISH, PRAWNS FILLE TS)
I.
Size of box
0.3x0.3x0.3 mtr.
Area occupied
per box 0.3x03 = 0.09 mtr. sq.
Height of
each box
= 0.03 mtr.
No. of
boxes per stack
= 6
Height
of each stack 6x0.3 = 1.8 mtr.
No. of
stack per mtr.
sq.. 1/0.09 = 11.11
Allowing 25%
space for movement = 8.33
say 8
Each box
can hold 25 Kg.
sea food
Holding capacity
per mtr. sq. 8x6x25 = 1200 Kg.
II.
Size of box 0.585x 0.41x 0.18 mtr.
Area
occupied per box
0.585x 0.41 = 0.24 mtr. sq.
Height of
each box
= 0.18 mtr.
No.
of box per
stack
= 10
Height of
each stack 10x 0.18 mtr. = 1.8
mtr.
No.
of boxes per
mtr. sq. 1/ 0.24 = 4.169
Allowing 25%
space for movement = 3.126
say 3
No.
of box per
sq. mtr. 10x3 = 30
Holding capacity
per mtr. sq.
30 x25
= 750 Kg.
C. RFCOMMENDED
INSULATION THICKNESS FOR
COLD STORES/Deep freeze
/Frozen stores.
1.
COLD STORE AT + 4
Deg. C
Exposed Walls = 100 mm.
Exposed ceillings
= 100mm.
Exposed floor
= 80 mm.
Partition walls between
two cold stores = 50x
50 mm.
Partition walls between
cold stores & deep
freeze = 50+ 100mm.
If
it is double
storeyed having cold
stores on both
floors.
ceiling of
ground floor
= 50 mm.
floor of
first floor
= 50mm.
In
case of having
a diffuser gellery
the insulation will
be similar to
that the cold
store
2. DEEP
FREEZE AT MINUS
20 Deg.C --
Exposed walls
= 150 mm.
Exposed ceiling
= 175 mm.
Exposed floor
= 150 mm.
Partition walls
between two deep
freezes. = 100 +100 mm.
Partition walls
between deep freezes
& cold store =
50,c.s.+ 100,d.f.
If it
is double storeyed
having deep freezes. on both floor -
Ceiling of
ground floor
= 100 mm.
Floor of
first floor
= 100 mm.
If it
is double storeyed
having deep freezes
on graund floor &
cold stores on
first floor
Ceilng of
graund floor = 100 mm.
Floor of
first floor
= 80 mm.
In
case of having
a diffuser gallery
the insulation thickness
should be similer
to that of
the deep freeze
or cold store
as the case
my be.
3. FROZEN
STORE -- (at - 25 Deg.C)
Exposed walls
= 175 mm.
Exposed
ceiling
= 200 mm.
Exposed floor
= 150 mm.
Partition walls
between a frozen
store & cold store =
150 f.s.+ 50 c.s, mm.
Partition walls
between two frozen
stores
= 100+ 100 mm.
If it is
double storeyed having
frozen store on
both floor.
Ceiling of
graund floor
= 100 mm.
Floor of
first floor
= 100 mm.
4. HARDENING/BLAST FREEZE
ROOM --
Exposed walls
= 200 mm.
Exposed ceiling
= 200 mm.
Exposed floor
= 200 mm.
D. AIR CHANGE
FOR 24 Hrs.
FOR STORAGE ROOMS
DUE TO DOOR
OPENING & Infilteration
VALUME OF STORE FOR
STORAGE
FOR STORAGE
(in
cubic meter ) (
+0 Deg.C ) (- 0
Deg. C )
7.14 38.0
29.0
8.57
34.5
26.2
11.43
29.5
22.5
14.29
26.0 20.0
17.14
23.0
18.0
22.85
20.0
15.3
28.60
17.5
13.5
42.85 14.0
11.0
57.14
12.00
9.33
71.43
12.0
8.1
85.71
9.5 7.4
114.28
8.2
6.3
142.85
7.2
5.6
171.42
6.5
5.0
228.56 5.5
4.3
285.56
4.9
3.8
428.55
3.9
3.0
571.4
3.5 2.6
714.4
3.0
2.3
857.1
2.7
2.1
1142.8
2.3
1.8
1428.5
2.0
1.6
2142.75
1.6
1.3
2857.0
1.4
1.1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTE ---
a.
For storage room
with ante room
reduce air changes
to 50% of
values in table.
b. For
heavy duty usage
add 50% to
values given in
table.
c. For
locker plant room ( blast/tunnel freezers )
double the values
givn in table.
No comments:
Post a Comment